ABSTRACT
Background@#Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) is an invasive freshwater snail in the Philippines that damages crops but is consumed as food. It is known to harbor parasites, some of which are pathogenic to humans. @*Objectives@#The objective of this study is to examine P. canaliculata individuals present in Metro Manila for parasite infection and identify the parasites and other organisms associated with the snail using molecular identification. @*Methodology@#P. canaliculata were collected from rivers and marketplaces in Metro Manila. Individuals were crushed and digested in Ash's digestive fluid and observed under a microscope. Collected parasites were subjected to DNA barcoding of the COI gene for putative identification. @*Results@#A total of 462 snails were gathered from 15 sites, eight of which were market areas that sourced the snails from outside Metro Manila. No known parasites were found. Two snails were found to contain insect larvae in the mantle (0.43% infection). The closest BLAST matches for the two insect larvae were the chironomid fly Nilodorum tainanus (91.0% identity) from a snail in Sucat, Muntinlupa, and another chironomid Parachironomus sp. (92.8% identity) found in a snail originally from Cavite and brought to Calumpang, Marikina. @*Conclusion@#This study is the first report of the presence of chironomids in Philippine P. canaliculata. This could have an impact on the allergenic status of these mollusks if consumed while containing these chironomids. The absence of infection of other medically important parasites is possibly due to the patchy distribution of the snails and few interactions with the definitive hosts of known parasites.
Subject(s)
Chironomidae , DipteraABSTRACT
Abstract: Larvae of non-biting midges in the family Chironomidae can be found in association with several species of fish in the family Loricariidae. In this study, we describe the first record of phoretic interaction between larvae of Ichthyocladius sp. and the fish Hisonotus chromodontus in streams in the Amazon basin. Between July 2010 and March 2019, fish were collected from three streams of the Teles Pires River basin in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We investigated the attachment site of chironomid larvae on the body of fish and the frequency of attachment. A total of 1.241 specimens of H. chromodontus were collected, among which nine hosts were found carrying in the ventral region a single Ichthyocladius sp. specimen. All Ichthyocladius sp. were attached to a spicule of fish between the pectoral and pelvic fins, in which they were observed at the fourth developmental stage at the beginning of the cocoon construction (1.50 mm). In addition, a pre-pupa larva (2.60 mm) and an empty cocoon (2.50 mm) were reported. The Loanda stream had the highest occurrence of this type of association (of 12 fish examined, three had larvae). The other two streams reported a lower occurrence: the Baixada Morena stream had three fish associated with larvae amongst 1105 fish examined, whereas the Selma stream had three out of 124 fish infested by larvae. The occurrence of only one larva per host can be related to the small body area of the host fish (average standard length = 26.60 mm and average weight = 0.31 g). We observed that the larvae prefer fixation sites in the vicinity of the pectoral and pelvic fin of the fish, which is presumably associated with the fact that chironomids feed on algae and debris suspended by the movement of loricariids. These streams differ with respect to the presence of riparian forests, which may affect resource availability and thereby influence ecological interactions between the species.
Resumo: Larvas de mosquitos da família Chironomidae podem ser encontradas em associação com várias espécies de peixes da família Loricariidae. Neste estudo, descrevemos o primeiro registro de interação forética entre larvas de Ichthyocladius sp. e o Hisonotus chromodontus em riachos da bacia amazônica. Entre julho de 2010 e março de 2019, foram coletados peixes em três riachos da bacia do rio Teles Pires, no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Nós investigamos o local de fixação das larvas de quironomídeos no corpo dos peixes e a frequência da fixação. Um total de 1.241 espécimes de H. chromodontus foram coletados, entre os quais nove hospedeiros foram encontrados carregando, na região ventral, um único espécime de Ichthyocladius sp. Todos os Ichthyocladius estavam aderidos a uma espícula do peixe entre as nadadeiras peitoral e pélvica, onde foram observados no quarto estágio de desenvolvimento, no início da construção do casulo (1,50 mm), além de uma pré-pupa (2,60 mm) e um casulo vazio (2,50 mm). O riacho Loanda apresentou a maior ocorrência de hospedeiros na associação (de 12 peixes examinados, três estavam com larvas) e o menor registro foi para o riacho Selma (dos 1105 peixes examinados, três estavam infestados). A ocorrência de apenas uma larva por hospedeiro pode estar relacionada à pequena área corporal do peixe hospedeiro (comprimento padrão médio = 26,60 mm e peso médio = 0,31 g). Observamos que as larvas preferem locais de fixação nas proximidades da nadadeira peitoral e pélvica dos peixes, o que está presumivelmente associado ao fato dos quironomídeos se alimentarem de algas e detritos suspensos pelo movimento dos loricarídeos. Os riachos diferem com relação à presença de matas ciliares, que podem afetar a disponibilidade de recursos e, assim, influenciar as interações ecológicas entre as espécies.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Nasal mites are commonly found in hummingbirds (Apodiformes). In most cases, endoparasitic mites were reported to parasitize the respiratory system, particularly the anterior nasal chambers, larynx, trachea, lungs, and the air and conjunctival sacs. However, some mites are only carried by hummingbirds, because flowers serving as a nutrient source for these small mites, such as for Apodiformes, a tropical nectar-feeding in their natural habitat. From August 2012 to May 2014, humminbirds were captured using mist nets, and examined for the presence of nasal mites (identified according to specific keys) in the Pantanal, and Cerrado biomes, from the Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. Overall, 76 Apodiform specimens, from the Trochilidae family were captured, and 20 female nasal mites, identified as being from the Rhinoseius genus, were collected from eight hosts (10.5%), of the following species: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura, and Thalurania furcata. The Rhinoseius spp. has been reported on, in many ecosystems in the Americas, including Brazil, however, this is the first report on Apodiformes from the Pantanal biome. Phoretic mites are not responsible for direct damage to the population of Apodiformes, as they are not pathogenic. However, they compete for food with hummingbirds and decrease the quantity of food available in the environment. They also affect the reproductive dynamics of plants, feed on pollen, and interfere with the intricacies of the biodiversity where they live.
Resumo Os ácaros nasais são comumente encontrados em beija-flores (Apodiformes). Na maioria dos casos, os ácaros foram relatados como endoparasitas, parasitando o sistema respiratório, particularmente as câmaras nasais anteriores, a laringe, a traqueia, os pulmões e os sacos aéreos e conjuntivais. No entanto, alguns ácaros são transportados apenas por beija-flores, pois flores servem como fonte de nutrientes para esses pequenos ácaros, assim como para Apodiformes tropicais alimentados de néctar em seu habitat natural. De agosto de 2012 a maio de 2014, beija-flores foram capturadas com redes de neblina e examinadas quanto à presença de ácaros nasais (identificados de acordo com chaves específicas) nos biomas Pantanal e Cerrado, no estado do Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. No total, 76 exemplares Apodiformes da família Trochilidae foram capturados e 20 fêmeas de ácaros nasais, identificados como pertencentes ao gênero Rhinoseius, foram coletados de oito hospedeiros (10,5%), das seguintes espécies: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura e Thalurania furcata. Rhinoseius spp. foi relatado em muitos ecossistemas nas Américas, incluindo o Brasil, no entanto, este é o primeiro relato em Apodiformes do bioma Pantanal. Os ácaros foréticos não são responsáveis por danos diretos à população de Apodiformes, pois não são patogênicos. No entanto, eles competem por comida com beija-flores e diminuem a quantidade de comida disponível no ambiente. Eles também afetam a dinâmica reprodutiva das plantas, se alimentam de pólen e interferem nas interações da biodiversidade em que vivem.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mites , Birds , Brazil , Ecosystem , Plant NectarABSTRACT
Four deutonymphs of bulb mites (hypopus) from Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) (Acari: Acaridae) were found attached to the head of Atta sexdens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This mite species is commonly associated with ornamental plants and trees with bulbs, corms and tubers. The results of this study provided an insight into the phoretic relationship between mites and ants, indicating the role of the latter in the dispersion of the first. Despite the abundant and diverse mite fauna existing in ants, little is known about their diversity, biology, ecology and the nature of their associations.(AU)
Quatro deutoninfas de ácaros do bulbo (hipopus) da espécie Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) (Acari: Acaridae) foram encontradas fixadas na cabeça de formigas da espécie Atta sexdens no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Essa espécie de ácaro está comumente associada a plantas ornamentais e plantas com bulbos e tubérculos. Os resultados desse estudo fornecem uma visão sobre a relação forética entre ácaros e formigas, indicando o papel destas últimas na dispersão dos primeiros. Apesar da abundância e da fauna diversa do ácaro em formigas, pouco se sabe sobre a diversidade, a biologia, a ecologia e a natureza dessa associação.(AU)
Subject(s)
Ants , Medulla Oblongata , Mites , Arthropods , Agricultural Pests , Acaridae , Plant Tubers , InsectaABSTRACT
To identify the wolfberry gall mite species and their overwintering situation in different wolfberry production areas and to provide a scientific basis for their prevention and control. We investigate the phoresy overwintering situation of gall mite, and identify the species of gall mite. Our results showed that the phoretic gall mite was Aceria pallida in all the production areas. The phoresy of gall mite was a common occurrence in different production areas, and the phoresy probability was above 75%. The phoretic behavior of wolfberry gall mite occurred commonly in the other production areas. The control of this mite in different production areas should pay attention to their phoretic behavior.
Subject(s)
Animals , Lycium , Parasitology , Mites , Classification , SeasonsABSTRACT
Abstract Nasal mites are commonly found in hummingbirds (Apodiformes). In most cases, endoparasitic mites were reported to parasitize the respiratory system, particularly the anterior nasal chambers, larynx, trachea, lungs, and the air and conjunctival sacs. However, some mites are only carried by hummingbirds, because flowers serving as a nutrient source for these small mites, such as for Apodiformes, a tropical nectar-feeding in their natural habitat. From August 2012 to May 2014, humminbirds were captured using mist nets, and examined for the presence of nasal mites (identified according to specific keys) in the Pantanal, and Cerrado biomes, from the Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. Overall, 76 Apodiform specimens, from the Trochilidae family were captured, and 20 female nasal mites, identified as being from the Rhinoseius genus, were collected from eight hosts (10.5%), of the following species: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura, and Thalurania furcata. The Rhinoseius spp. has been reported on, in many ecosystems in the Americas, including Brazil, however, this is the first report on Apodiformes from the Pantanal biome. Phoretic mites are not responsible for direct damage to the population of Apodiformes, as they are not pathogenic. However, they compete for food with hummingbirds and decrease the quantity of food available in the environment. They also affect the reproductive dynamics of plants, feed on pollen, and interfere with the intricacies of the biodiversity where they live.
Resumo Os ácaros nasais são comumente encontrados em beija-flores (Apodiformes). Na maioria dos casos, os ácaros foram relatados como endoparasitas, parasitando o sistema respiratório, particularmente as câmaras nasais anteriores, a laringe, a traqueia, os pulmões e os sacos aéreos e conjuntivais. No entanto, alguns ácaros são transportados apenas por beija-flores, pois flores servem como fonte de nutrientes para esses pequenos ácaros, assim como para Apodiformes tropicais alimentados de néctar em seu habitat natural. De agosto de 2012 a maio de 2014, beija-flores foram capturadas com redes de neblina e examinadas quanto à presença de ácaros nasais (identificados de acordo com chaves específicas) nos biomas Pantanal e Cerrado, no estado do Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. No total, 76 exemplares Apodiformes da família Trochilidae foram capturados e 20 fêmeas de ácaros nasais, identificados como pertencentes ao gênero Rhinoseius, foram coletados de oito hospedeiros (10,5%), das seguintes espécies: Amazilia fimbriata, Amazilia versicolor, Eupetonema macroura e Thalurania furcata. Rhinoseius spp. foi relatado em muitos ecossistemas nas Américas, incluindo o Brasil, no entanto, este é o primeiro relato em Apodiformes do bioma Pantanal. Os ácaros foréticos não são responsáveis por danos diretos à população de Apodiformes, pois não são patogênicos. No entanto, eles competem por comida com beija-flores e diminuem a quantidade de comida disponível no ambiente. Eles também afetam a dinâmica reprodutiva das plantas, se alimentam de pólen e interferem nas interações da biodiversidade em que vivem.
ABSTRACT
Co-adaptation between mites (Arachnida: Klinckowstroemiidae) and Passalidae beteles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Mites of the family Klinckowstroemiidae establish an association with beetles of the family Passalidae known as phoresy. In order to obtain information about this association, we analyzed the relationship between mites of the family Klinckowstroemiidae and beetles of the family Passalidae, as adult mites have been exclusively collected from host beetles. We examined 1 150 beetles collected in seven states of the Mexican Republic, and found 19 species of klinckowstroemiid mites associated with 168 passalids, that belong to 28 different species in 15 genera. Host specificity between species of both groups does not exist, as one species of passalid beetle can have several different symbionts; conversely, a given mite species can associate with passalid beetles of different species and even of different genera. This way, Odontotaenius zodiacus has been found associated with mites of seven species of the genus Klinckowstroemia. Besides, Klinckowstroemia valdezi is associated with five species of passalids. Furthermore, two and even three different species of mites have been found on one host beetle (synhospitality). The lack of congruence between the phylogenies of the mites and that of the beetles indicates that a process of co-adaptation by colonization is going on, because the association is due to the resources that passalid beetles can offer to the mites, like transportation, food and refuge. Since these resources are not host-specific, the klinckowstroemiid mites can climb onto virtually any species of passalid beetles occurring on the same habitat. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (2): 599-609. Epub 2012 June 01.
Realizamos un análisis de la relación que existe entre los ácaros Klinckowstroemiidae y los coleópteros Passalidae, puesto que los ácaros adultos se recolectaron exclusivamente sobre pasálidos (huéspedes). Asimismo, examinamos 1 150 coleópteros recolectados en siete estados de la República Mexicana, y encontramos 19 especies de ácaros klinckowstroémidos asociados con 168 de ellos, pertenecientes a 28 diferentes especies de 15 géneros distintos. Estos táxones establecen una relación simbiótica llamada foresia. No existe una especificidad entre las especies de ambos grupos, debido a que una especie de pasálido puede tener varios forontes, y una especie de ácaro puede asociarse a pasálidos de diferentes géneros y especies. Un ejemplo es Odontotaenius zodiacus que presentó a siete especies de Klinckowstroemia asociadas, y por otro lado, Klinckowstroemia valdezi se encuentra asociada a cinco especies de pasálidos. Además, dos o hasta tres especies de ácaros se encontraron sobre un coleóptero huésped (synhospitality). La falta de congruencias entre la filogenia de los ácaros con la de los pasálidos nos indica que se está produciendo un proceso de coadaptación por colonización, y que ésta asociación se debe a los recursos que le brindan los pasálidos a los ácaros: transporte, refugio y alimento. Como estos recursos no son específicos para algún huésped los klinckowstroémidos se suben a cualquier especie de pasálido.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adaptation, Physiological , Coleoptera/parasitology , Host Specificity , Mites/physiology , Symbiosis , Coleoptera/classification , Mites/classificationABSTRACT
O presente estudo avaliou aspectos da associação forética de ácaros em moscas Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart) de pombos-domésticos, Columba livia, em Juiz de Fora, MG. O total de 236 ácaros foréticos foram encontrados em 74 das 156 moscas analisadas (47,4 por cento). A prevalência para Myialges anchora Sergent & Trouessart foi de 23,7 por cento, com intensidade média de 1,5 ± 0,90 e abundância média de 0,4 ± 0,76 presentes no abdome (n = 51); 75,9 por cento desses ácaros (n = 41) estavam circundados por ovos, com média de 21,6 ± 12,90 ovos por fêmea ovígera. Para M.lophortyx (Furmann & Tharshis), a prevalência foi de 13,5 por cento (n = 21), com 62 indivíduos (intensidade média de 3,0 ± 2,75) e abundância média de 0,4 ± 1,41); 41,9 por cento destes na asa direita (n = 26) e 58,1 por cento, na asa esquerda (n = 36); 72,6 por cento (n = 45) apresentavam massas ovígeras, com média de 6,3 ± 3,04 ovos por fêmea ovígera. A prevalência de Ornithocheyletia hallae Volgin foi de 23,7 por cento (n = 37), com 120 indivíduos (intensidade média de 3,2 ± 4,47 e abundância média de 0,8 ± 2,56). Em 28,4 por cento (n = 21) das moscas ocorreram infestações simultâneas, principalmente por M.anchora e O.hallae, presentes em 66,7 por cento (n = 14) das moscas com incidência mista. Os ácaros apresentaram distribuição agregada. Ornithocheyletia hallae apresentou-se mais agregada, enquanto M.anchora e M.lophortyx apresentaram o mesmo valor de K.
This study evaluated aspects of population ecology and community component of mites in Pseudolynchia canariensis (Macquart) of domestic pigeons Columba livia in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 236 forest mites were found in 74 out of 156 fl ies (47.4 percent infestation). The prevalence for Myialges anchora Sergent & Trouessart was 23.7 percent, with average intensity 1.5 ± 0.90 and average abundance 0.4 ± 0.76, mostly (94.4 percent) located on the abdomen; 75.9 percent of the mites (n = 41) surrounded by eggs, with a mean of 16.4 ± 14.60 eggs per individual and 21.6 ± 12.90 eggs per ovigerous female. The prevalence for M.lophortyx (Furmann & Tharshis) was 13.5 percent (n = 21) with 62 individuals, mean intensity 3.0 ± 2.75 average abundance 0.4 ± 1.41; 41.9 percent (n = 26) located at the right wing and 58.1 percent (n = 36) were in the left wing; 72.6 percent (n = 45) showed ovigerous mass, with 4.56 ± 3.42 per each individual and 6.3 ± 3.04 per ovigerous female. The prevalence of Ornithocheyletia hallae Volgin was 23.7 percent (n = 37) with 120 individuals, with mean intensity of 3.2 ± 4.47, and mean abundance of 0.8 ± 2.56. In 28.4 percent (n = 21) of flies occurred simultaneous mite infestations, mainly for M.anchora and O.hallae, present in 66.7 percent (n = 14) of flies with mixed effect. The component communities showed an aggregate distribution. The mite species O.hallae was more agregate, while M.anchora and M.lophortyx showed the same K value.
Subject(s)
Animals , Columbidae/parasitology , Diptera/physiology , Mites/physiology , SymbiosisABSTRACT
Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compete intensively for dung resources, and most species forage in the understory. Here, we describe the unique behavior of one dung beetle species, Canthon aff. quadriguttatus (Olivier), associated with two species of monkeys from Peru. We observed this beetle species on the genital and anal regions of the brown titi monkey, Callicebus brunneus (Wagner), and subsequently falling with dung as the monkeys defecated. The same association was also observed with the bald-faced saki monkey, Pithecia irrorata irrorata (Gray). Using the " sit and wait" at the source behavior, C. quadriguttus may arrive first at the dung resource, possibly out-competing other dung beetle species. This paper is the first report of this behavior for C. aff. quadriguttatus on the brown titi monkey and bald-faced saki monkey from southeastern, Amazonian Peru. We discuss this behavior in the context of competition and resource partitioning, and also speculate as to why C. aff. quadriguttatus has been found on both monkey species.
Los Escarabajos del estiércol (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) compiten intensamente por excrementos, un recurso escaso por el cual muchas especies forrajean en el sotobosque en bosques tropicales. En este artículo describimos el comportamiento particular de una especie de escarabajo del estiércol, Canthon aff. quadriguttatus (Olivier), asociado a dos especies de primates en Perú. Observamos esta especie de escarabajo en la región genital y anal de monos " tocones" , Callicebus brunneus (Wagner), y subsecuentemente cayendo con excrementos que los monos defecaron. De manera similar, observamos individuos de esta especie de escarabajo asociados a monos " huapos" , Pithecia irrorata irrorata (Gray). Mediante un comportamiento de " sentarse y esperar" a la fuente, C. aff. quadriguttatus llega primero a la fuente de excremento y aparentemente supera a otras especies de escarabajos en la competencia por el mismo recurso. Este artículo representa el primer registro de C. aff. quadriguttatus en asociación a dos especies de primate en la Amazonía del sureste de Perú. Discutimos este comportamiento en el contexto de competencia y distribución de recursos y especulamos sobre la razón por la cual este escarabajo está asociado a ambas especies de primates.
Subject(s)
Animals , Coleoptera , Behavior, Animal , Feces/parasitology , Pitheciidae/parasitologyABSTRACT
A partir de 45 espécimes de Pseudolynchia canariensis examinados, foram encontrados 23 deles hiperparasitados por ácaros. É registrada a ocorrência de Myialges anchora e Ornithocheyletia hallae no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Dados sobre o grau de infestação desses hipoboscídeos, bem como a distribuição topográfica dos ácaros sobre o corpo desses insetos são brevemente discutidos.
Twenty three louse-flies, from a total of 45 specimens of Pseudolynchia canariensis examined, were found parasitised by mites of the species Myialges anchora and Ornithocheyletia hallae. These mites are recorded for the first time for the State of Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. Data on levels of infestation, as well as on the topographical distribution of the mites on the body of the louse-flies are briefly discussed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mites/physiology , Brazil , Diptera/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitologyABSTRACT
Dung beetles were collected in pasture areas in Piracicaba (State of São Paulo), Aquidauana (State of Mato Grosso do Sul) and Capão do Leão (State of Rio Grande do Sul). In the first two sites, the beetles were collected in pitfall traps, while in the third site they were collected in a light trap. Mites of the families Scutacaridae and Pygmephoridae were commonly found on those beetles. In the family Scutacaridae, the following species were found: Pygmodispus (Pygmodispus) bicornutus Ebermann & Rodrigues, Scutacarus longitarsus (Berlese) and Scutacarus sp. In the family Pygmephoridae, the following genera were found: Elattoma, Bakerdania, Elattosoma, Pediculaster sp. near brasiliensis and Sicilipes. Only female mites were collected.
Besouros coprófagos foram coletados em áreas de pastagem em Piracicaba (Estado de São Paulo), Aquidauana (Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul) e Capão do Leão (Estado de Rio Grande do Sul). Nas duas primeiras localidades, os besouros foram coletados em armadilhas pitfall, enquanto que na terceira localidade foram coletados em armadilha luminosa. Acaros das famílias Scutacaridae e Pygmephoridae foram encontrados comumente nos besouros. Na família Scutacaridae, as seguintes espécies foram encontradas: Pygmodispus (Pygmodispus) bicornutus Ebermann & Rodrigues, Scutacarus longitarsus (Berlese) e Scutacarus sp. Na família Pygmephoridae, os seguintes gêneros foram encontrados: Elattoma, Bakerdania, Elattosoma, Pediculaster sp. aff. brasiliensis e Sicilipes. Apenas ácaros fêmeas foram coletados.